13 May, 2016

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Ese wari uzi ko indwara ya diyabete ishobora gutera ubuhumyi, ukangirika impyiko, ndetse n''imyakura y'ubwonko?

DIYABETE  (INDWARA Y’IGISUKARI)
DIYABETE NI IKI?

Diyabete ni indwara ituma habaho kwiyongera gukabije kw’ isukari mu maraso igihe umusemburo witwa  insuline (insulin) utangwa n’urwagashya (pancreas) uba wabuze cyangwa udahagije cyangwa se nanone udakora neza (resistance).
Ese ku Isi Diyabete yifashe ite?

Ubushakashatsi  dukesha ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima(WHO)ugaragaza ko Diyabete iri kwiyongera  kuburyo umubare wavuye kuri miriyoni 108 mu mwaka wa 1980 kugera kuri miriyoni 422 muri 2014.
Ese Diyabete se yaba yica?
 Yego rwose nkuko tubikesha ikegeranyo cy’ishami ry’umuryango wabibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO). Mu mwaka wa 2014 hagaragaye Impfu zigera kuri miriyoni 1.5.
ESE MU RWANDA DIYABETE YIFASHE GUTE?
Imibare dukesha umuryango mpuzamahanga  w Diyabete(international Diyabetes federation( IDF)Ugaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2015 hagaragaye abarwayi ba Diyabete bagera ku bihumbi 194300 hakaba harapfuye 4476 nkuko tubikesha ikegeranyo cya IDF 2015.
Ese ni amoko angahe ya DIYABETE?
(Diabetes mellitus )
Dufite amoko 3
1.ubwoko bwambere .(  Iyi yo ifata cyane cyane abakiri bato, ikiyitera ntabwo kizwi , ariko akeshi habaho kwangirika k’uturemangingo tw’urwagashya dutanga umusemburo wa insiline(insulin) .
Umurwayi wayo agomba kuvurwa ahabwa uwo musemburo( insulin).

2.Ubwoko bwa kabiri (Diabetis mellitus type 2)
Iyi yo ikunda gufata abantu bakuru igihe uyu musemburo udakora neza(insulin resistance) cyangwa
Udahagije.
3.Diyabete ifata abagore batwite( gestestional Diabetes): iyi ishobora gufata abagore batwite batigeze bagira Diyabete iyi iterwa n’impinduka ziba mu mubiri igihe umugore atwite, iza nibura nyuma y’ibyumweru 20 umubyeyi asamye ,iyo amaze kubyara irakira ariko umubyeyi wagize iyi diabete aba afite ibyago by’uko ashobora kugira Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri twavuze haruguru.
NI RYARI NAKEKA KO NDWAYE DIYABETE?Igihe ufite ibi bikurikira:
Kwihagarika buri kanya kandi hakaza inkari nyishi(polyuria)
Kurya cyane (polyphagia)
Gutakaza ibiro bikabije( weight loss)
Kugira umunaniro ukabije.
kugira inyota ikabije(thirsty)
ESE NINDE UFITE IBYAGO BYINSHI BYO KURWARA IYI NDWARA?
Umuntu wese urengeje imyaka 35
Ufite umubyibuho ukabije
Umugore wese wigeze kugira ubwiyongere bw’ isukari atwite ( gestational Diabetes)
Umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru (hypertension).
Ibinure byinshi mu maraso.(high cholesterol)
Ese ni iki umuganga ashingiraho yemeza ko umurwayi arwaye Diyabete?
Igihe muganga asanze igipimo cy’isukari kirengeje miligarama 126 muri desilitilo y’amaraso(126mg/dl)  umurwayi nibura akaba amaze cyangwa arengeje amasaha 8 ( fasting blood glycose) atariye afite n’ibimenyetso bya Diyabete twavuze haruguru, muganga yemeza ko urwaye Diyabete.
Igihe muganga asanze umurwayi arengeje 200mg/dl yaba yariye cyangwa atariye( random blood glucose) nawe aba ayirwaye.
Muganga ashobora kuguha isukari mg 75 akavanga n’amazi umurwayi akanywa nyuma y’amasaha 2( Glucose Challenge test )igihe apimye isukari mu maraso agasanga irengeje 200 mg /dl nawe uba ufite Diyabete.
Isukari yafashe kuturemangingo tw’amaraso( A1C: glycated heamoglobine ) igihe
Muganga asanze irengeje 6.5%.
Ni gute Diyabete ivurwa?
Umurwayi ufite Diyabete ( Diabetes mellitus type1)yo mubwoko bwa mbere ahabwa umusemburo wa insirine ( INSULINE). Kuko uturemangingo tw’urwagashya tuba twarangiritse ntitubashe kuwukora.
Naho ufite Diyabete yo mubwoko bwa2( Diyabete mellitus type2).
Hari uburyo butandukanye nko guhindura uburyo ubayeho (life style change)  aha ndavuga nko:
Kugabanya umubyibuho ukabije: ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kugabanya amavuta menshi,kureka itabi, inzoga ,….
Guhabwa imiti yo kunywa buri gihe yongerera wa musemburo gukora neza.
Guhabwa umusemburo wa insulin. Gusa ariko biterwa n’ikigero isukari yawe iriho muganga ahitamo uko akuvura bitewe nuko asanze isukari yawe yifashe mu mubiri.
Tugarutse ku mikoreshereze y’umusemburo wa insulin Umurwayi yigishwa uko azajya awitera dore ko nta binini byawo bibaho.
Ese ni izihe ngaruka za Diyabete?
 Diyabete ni indwara twavugako yibasira umubiri wose.
Gusa cyane cyane ikunze gutera:

indwara ya diyabete ishobora kwangiza ibice bimwe na bimwe by'umubiri nk'amaso...

1.Ubuhumyi(diabetic retinopaty) aho yangiza udutsi duto tugaburira agace k’ijisho bita retina
Bityo iyo kamaze kwangirika umuntu agahuma igihe atavuwe.
Ibi bibanzirizwa no kubona ibikezikezi mu maso.(blurred vision). Igihe rero ufite ibyo bikezikezi byaba byiza wivuje hakirikare.
2.indwara y’impyiko( diabetic nephropathy): iki ni kimwe mu bitera kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bw’impyiko (Renal failure), igihe zamaze kwangirika bikabije biragoye ko umuntu yabaho,igihe zangiritse burundu. Umuti ni uguhabwa indi mpyiko (  renal transplantation).
3.Umuvuduko w’amaraso ukabije (hypertension): aha ushobora guterwa n’uko isukari nyinshi yangiza imitsi yaba imito cyangwa minini, cyangwa se impyiko nanone iyo zamaze kwangirika.
4.kwangirika kw’imyakura y’ubwonko( diabetic neuropathy)
Ushobora kumva uburibwe busa n’ikintu kigutwika
Ushobora gukandagira nko mu mahwa cyangwa mu muriro ntubimenye kuberako imyakura( nerves)
Itwara amakuru ku bwonko yangiritse.
Ushobora kurwara ibisebe bidakira bikarangira ingingo uzibuze nko gukika amaguru ,…
Nakora iki kugirango ngire ubuzima bwiza mu gihe ndwaye Diyabete?
Kugabanya ibiro no kugabanya ibinure ( cholesterol).
Kugabanya umuvuduko wamaraso.
Kugira igipimo cy’ isukari iri murugero ( 70mg-110mg/dl).
Gufata imiti neza uko byagenwe na muganga.
Kurya ibiryo byabugenewe; nk’imbuto,imboga,amavuta make kuko yongera ibinure,no kugabanya inyama zitukura.
Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bigifasha kugabanya ibiro.
Kureka itabi kuko ryongera ibibazo byo kurwara umutima no kwangirika k’udutsi bwonko(stroke) ndetse na kanseri.
Kureka inzoga kuko zongera isukari mumubiri ndetse zikongera umuvuduko w’amaraso
Kuki umurwayi wa Diyabete agomba kwita kubyo arya?

Ningombwa kubyitaho kuko ibyo kurya ari bumwe muburyo bwo kuvura Diyabete.
Ikindi nuko iyo ubyitondeye bigufasha kugabanya ibiro ndetse n’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso.

Natekereza kuki igihe ndi gutegura ibyo kurya igihe ndwaye Diyabete? Ese nemerewe kurya ifunguro nk’iry’ abandi?
Umurwayi wa Diyabete yemerewe kurya ifunguro nk’iry’abandi gusa agomba kwitondera ingano y’ibigize iryo funguro.
Nibura ryakagombye kuba rigizwe n’ibi bikurikira:
50% imboga
25% ibyubaka umubiri( ibishyimbo,inyama,..)
25% ibitera imbaraga ( ibirayi,igitoki,umuceri,..)
Imbuto nka pome,… ariko ukirinda imbuto zibamo amasukari menshi nk’imineke ya kamara.
Ese  nabwirwa n’iki ko isukari yange yagabanutse ku kigero gikabije?(hypoglycemia)
Insulin mu gihe ufashe igipimo kinini cyangwa ntubone ibyo kurya mu gihe umaze gufata uyu muti wa insulin ushobora kugabanya isukari ku kigero gikabije.
Aha hari bimwe mu bimenyetso nko:
Gucika intege
kubira ibyuya
kuzungera
ushobora no guta ubwenge cyangwa ukagwa muri coma igihe bikabije cyane.
Nakora iki mu gihe mbonye cyangwa mfite bimwe mu bimenyetso by’isukari nkeya mu mubiri?
Ushobora gufata isukari ukayirigata  cyangwa ukayivanga n’amazi ugafata umuneke,cyangwa ikindi icyo aricyo cyose kirimo isukari. Gusa igihe umuntu ari muri coma wakwirinda kuvanga isukari n’amazi ukamuha kuko ayo mazi ashobora kujya mubihaha bigatuma ashobora no gupfa, aha ahubwo wafata isukari ukayishyira y’ururimi umubiri ugahita uyinyunyuza ikajya mu maraso.


Byateguwe na DUSABIMANA RABAN A MEDICAL STUDENT  IN YEAR 4(DOCII) AT UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA FACULTY OF GENERAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY.

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